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The Uprising at Takovo
''Takovski ustanak'' (English: ''The Uprising at Takovo'') is an oil painting by Paja Jovanović which depicts rebel leader Miloš Obrenović inciting his countrymen against the Turks and initiating the Second Serbian Uprising in 1815. The art historian Lilien Filipovitch-Robinson identifies it as one of Jovanović's finest works.
Painted in 1888, the first version measures . Prior to its creation, Jovanović studied authentic costumes and armaments from the time of the uprising, visited Takovo and sketched the church and large tree under which Obrenović incited the people. Jovanović also studied the facial features of locals and sketched them, and so some of their faces appear in the painting. Jovanović composed two versions, the first of which was displayed in 1889 and donated to the National Museum of Serbia by its original buyer, who had acquired the reproductive rights. Lithographic reproductions were soon made widely available, and distributed by the Serbian Ministry of Education in secondary schools, teachers' schools, and seminaries. Jovanović created a second, smaller version of the painting specially for the Serbian king, Alexander, in 1898.
==Background==
Despite the initial success of the First Serbian Uprising, by 1813 the Ottomans had reoccupied vast areas of Serbia that had once been under rebel control, and captured Belgrade. Once Serbia was firmly in their control, the Ottomans carried out numerous revenge killings throughout the countryside. Following these attacks, the Grand Vizier declared an amnesty, and many Serbs who had gone into hiding returned to their homes. Given Serbia's lack of good roads, the Ottomans had to rely on some of the former Serb rebels, such as Stanoje Glavaš and Miloš Obrenović, to maintain order and collect taxes on their behalf. This arrangement remained unchanged until early 1815, when the Ottomans turned on some of the former rebels and killed them. Rumours of an impending Ottoman assault spread quickly throughout Serbia. In April 1815, on Palm Sunday, Serb elders and leaders met in the village of Takovo and elected Obrenović their leader. Shortly afterwards, the Serbs rose in revolt, inflicting a series of humiliating defeats on the Ottomans, in what came to be known as the Second Serbian Uprising. In subsequent peace treaties, the Serbs were granted autonomy, and Obrenović was recognized as the Prince of Serbia.
In 1889, owing to his unpopularity among the people, Obrenović's descendent, King Milan, was forced to abdicate in favour of his young son Alexander, who was made regent. This development came exactly one year after Paja Jovanović completed the ''The Uprising at Takovo''. Jovanović was one of Serbia's best known realist painters. The art historian Lilien Filipovitch-Robinson believes ''The Uprising at Takovo'' was composed in response to the climate of instability dominating Serbian politics at the time. She writes: The painting, she asserts, was to serve as "a reminder of Serb achievements during and after the Second Uprising, and of the leadership that made those successes possible." Striving to make the composition as historically accurate as he could, Jovanović studied authentic costumes and armaments from the time of the uprising, visited Takovo and sketched the church and large tree under which Obrenović led the people to revolt. Jovanović also studied the facial features of locals and sketched them, and so some of their faces appear in the painting.
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